应用语言学 英文版【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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1 Introduction to Applied Linguistics1

1.1 Introduction1

1.2 The Definition of Applied Linguistics2

1.3 The Nature of Applied Linguistics4

1.3.1 Applied Linguistics as an Interdisciplinary4

1.3.2 Applied Linguistics of Empiricalness or Experimentativeness12

1.3.3 Applied Linguistics as Practice-oriented or Question-driven13

1.3.4 Short History of Applied Linguistics13

1.4 Fields Overlapping with Applied Linguistics16

1.4.1 Second Language Aquisition16

1.4.2 Language Teaching Methodology17

1.5 Main Topics of Applied Linguistics17

Further Reading21

Questions for Practice23

2 Methodology of Applied Linguistics24

2.1 Introduction24

2.2 Methodological Considerations of Applied Linguistic Research25

2.2.1 Attributes of Applied Linguistic Research25

2.2.2 Categories of Applied Linguistic Research26

2.2.3 Other Concerns of Applied Linguistic Research27

2.2.4 Dimensions of Applied Linguistic Research29

2.3 Methods of Applied Linguistic Research31

2.3.1 Observation31

2.3.2 Case Study32

2.3.3 Questionnaire32

2.3.4 Interview33

2.3.5 Experiment34

2.4 Statistic Processing of Data in Applied Linguistic Research38

2.4.1 Descriptive Statistics39

2.4.2 Inferential Statistics39

2.4.3 SPSS42

Further Reading43

Questions for Practice45

3 Linguistics for Applied Linguistics46

3.1 Introduction46

3.2 Linguistic Description of Language47

3.2.1 Phonetics and Phonology47

3.2.2 Morphology48

3.2.3 Syntax48

3.2.4 Semantics49

3.3 Views of Language51

3.3.1 The Structural View51

3.3.2 The Communicative View51

3.3.3 The Interactional View51

3.4 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics52

Further Reading55

Questions for Practice56

4 Language Transfer and Interlanguage57

4.1 Introduction57

4.2 Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis58

4.3 The Differences Between L1 and L259

4.3.1 Phonological Differences59

4.3.2 Morphological Differences59

4.3.3 Syntactic Differences60

4.4 Interlanguage and Language Transfer61

4.4.1 Interlanguage61

4.4.2 Negative Transfer63

4.4.3 Positive Transfer64

4.5 Pedagogical Implications for Language Teaching66

4.5.1 Understand Negative Language Transfer with Corpus Approach67

4.5.2 Audiolingual Repetition with Contrasting Stimuli67

4.5.3 Contrastive Analysis with Cognitive Method68

Further Reading71

Questions for Practice72

5 Sociolinguistic Dimensions of Applied Linguistics73

5.1 Introduction73

5.2 Language and Society73

5.3 Social Contexts to Language Teaching74

5.4 Communicative Competence76

5.5 Pedagogical Implications85

5.5.1 Communicative Language Teaching and Fluency85

5.5.2 Communicative Language Teaching and Focus on Forms87

Further Reading88

Questions for Practice88

6 Culture Studies and Intercultural Communication90

6.1 Introduction90

6.2 Culture90

6.3 Cross-cultural/Intercultural Communication91

6.4 Language,Thought and Culture95

6.4.1 The Sapir-whorf Hypothesis96

6.4.2 Vygotsky's Sociocultural Cognitive Theory97

6.5 Culture and Language in Use98

6.6 Pedagogical Implications for Applied Linguistics100

6.6.1 Stereotyping and Prejudice103

6.6.2 Dynamics of Culture104

Further Reading105

Questions for Practice106

7 Psycholinguistics and Multilingual Processing108

7.1 Introduction108

7.2 Psycholinguistic Approach to Applied Linguistics109

7.3 Cognitive Mechanisms in Language Learning113

7.3.1 Attention114

7.3.2 Memory115

7.4 The Multilingual Processing116

7.4.1 The Structure of the Bilingual Lexicon116

7.4.2 Language Choice in Production and Perception116

7.4.3 The Language Mode117

7.5 Pedagogical Implications118

7.5.1 Cognitive Processes and SLA118

7.5.2 Socio-psychological Factors in Language Processing120

Further Reading121

Questions for Practice123

8 Corpus Linguistics and Applied Linguistics124

8.1 Introduction124

8.2 Types of Corpora125

8.3 Research in Corpus Linguistics127

8.3.1 Use of a Corpus127

8.3.2 Use of Computer-assisted Analysis Techniques128

8.3.3 Empirical Analysis of Patterns in Language Use128

8.3.4 Use of Quantitative and Qualitative/Interpretive Techniques129

8.4 Approaches in Corpus-based Research129

8.4.1 Investigating Characteristics Associated with the Use of a Language Feature129

8.4.2 Examining the Realizations of a Particular Function of Language130

8.4.3 Characterizing a Variety of Language131

8.4.4 Mapping the Occurrence of Language Feature Through a Text131

Further Reading132

Questions for Practice133

9 Second Language Acquisition and Applied Linguistics135

9.1 Introduction135

9.2 The Issues of SLA135

9.2.1 The language Acquisition Process136

9.2.2 Activity Theory138

9.3 The Mainstream View of SLA138

9.4 SLA Contributions to Applied Linguistics139

Further Reading149

Questions for Practice150

10 Conversation Analysis in Language Teaching151

10.1 Introduction151

10.2 The Organization of Conversation152

10.2.1 Turn-taking154

10.2.2 Repair155

10.2.3 Word Selection156

10.3 Conversation in Contexts158

10.4 Conversation Analysis Research Interesting to Applied Linguists160

10.4.1 Native,Non-native and Multilingual Talk160

10.4.2 Talk in Educational Institutions162

10.4.3 Grammar and Interaction163

10.5 Pedagogical Implications163

Further Reading165

Questions for Practice166

11 Discourse Analysis and Language Teaching168

11.1 Introduction168

11.2 Discourse Analysis169

11.2.1 Linguistic Discourse Analysis171

11.2.2 Sociolinguistic and Discourse Analysis172

11.2.3 Descriptive Linguistic Discourse Analysis174

11.2.4 Functional Linguistic Discourse Analysis175

11.2.5 Systemic Discourse Analysis176

11.3 Discourse Analysis Interesting to Applied Linguists179

11.3.1 Literary Criticism and Semiotics180

11.3.2 Stylistics180

11.3.3 Linguistics and Rhetoric181

11.3.4 Rhetorical Studies182

11.3.5 Writing and Composition Studies183

11.4 Pedagogical Implications183

Further Reading189

Questions for Practice190

12 Syllabus Design for Language Teaching192

12.1 Introduction192

12.2 Types of Syllabuses192

12.3 Procedures for Syllabus Design193

12.4 Roles of a Syllabus195

12.5 Principles for Organizing a Syllabus196

Further Reading199

Questions for Practice201

13 Learner Factors and Individual Differences in Language Learning202

13.1 Introduction202

13.2 The Age for Learning a Foreign Language203

13.3 Language Aptitude206

13.4 Cognitive Style210

13.5 Language Learning Strategies212

13.6 Attitudes and Motivation216

13.7 Personality221

13.8 Pedagogical Implications227

Further Reading230

Questions for Practice231

14 Testing and Assessment232

14.1 Introduction232

14.2 Categories of Tests233

14.2.1 Proficiency Test233

14.2.2 Placement Test235

14.2.3 Achievement Test236

14.2.4 Diagnostic Test237

14.3 Design and Construct Tests238

14.3.1 Norm-referenced Versus Criterion-referenced Tests238

14.3.2 Adopting Language Tests245

14.3.3 Developing Language Tests248

14.3.4 Adapting Language Tests249

14.4 Test Result Application249

14.5 Pedagogical Implications251

Further Reading255

Questions for Practice256

References257